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If you would like to receive our occasional Japan Intercultural Consulting Europe newsletter, with articles on Japanese business etiquette and customs, and news of our forthcoming events, please e-mail pernille.rudlin@rudlinconsulting.com

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  Rudlin Consulting blog  
 
Pernille Rudlin's blog on the intercultural uses of communication technologies can be found here.

Pernille Rudlin has started another blog Plural Identities, covering multiculturalism, integration and the occasional Japan related topic.

 

   
 
jic Rudlin Consulting is the European Representative of the Chicago-based firm Japan Intercultural Consulting, offering cross cultural awareness and communications training and HR consulting to Japanese firms across Europe.

Rudlin Consulting also provides Japanese business support, including helping UK-based companies with their Japan market entry and communications with their Japanese partners and subsidiaries and Japan-based companies with their European subsidiaries' communication, strategy and human resources.

Rudlin Consulting has specific experience and expertise in information and telecommunication technologies, both in terms of their use for corporate intercultural communications and their development in various markets.

 


  Third Culture Kid  
  Cross cultural communications Posted by Rudlin Consulting on: Friday 11 December @ 11:01:11

I don’t think my parents quite realised what an impact their decision to move to Japan when I was six years old would have on my life, even into adulthood. Now that I consult on cross cultural matters as a profession, I increasingly appreciate how influential such childhood experiences are. There is of course some disagreement amongst experts, but many psychologists and anthropologists would agree that the formative years are from around five or six years old through to eleven or twelve years old, when the personality and cultural values of the future adult are shaped.

It was precisely during those years that we lived first in Sendai (a city in the north of Japan) and then Kobe (a port in the south of Japan). The Sendai experience was particularly intense. There weren’t many foreigners in Sendai in the 1970s – just some missionaries and a few academic families like mine. As there was no international school, I ended up being the first foreign pupil at the local girls' Catholic school - blonde haired, blue eyed but wearing the same traditional sailor top, skirt and hat as all the other Japanese schoolgirls.

For the first few weeks I was in tears most days, and pupils from throughout the school would come to stare at me in the break times, touch my hair and stare into my blue eyes. When my father or mother came to pick me up from school a riot would almost break out. But children at that age are amazingly adaptable and sponge like, and also bore easily. Within six months I was speaking reasonably fluent Japanese and had made friends who accepted me as basically the same as them, just a bit odd looking. I even got the top mark in Japanese composition once. I thought that was nothing special, and couldn’t understand why my parents made such a fuss about it.

Kobe was a lot easier – a cosmopolitan port city with several international schools. At the school I went to, there were many children like me, mongrels of various nationalities and cultures. I later realised that they, like me, are what are known as TCKs – Third Culture Kids. Third Culture Kids were brought up in a country different to their country of nationality and consequently do not feel totally at home either in their country of birth or their adopted country. They instead create a “third culture” where they attempt to mix the best of both countries, and hang out with other TCKs who understand their hybrid identity. They also tend to have “itchy feet” and want to move somewhere else every few years. When they do settle, it is usually in communities where there are many other TCKs, such as London, or Brussels or Switzerland.

Perhaps many of you reading this article are TCKs yourself. If you are the parent of a TCK you might worry from time to time that your life choices have had such an indelible impact on your children. But on balance I would like my son to be a TCK too. So far though, he’s very English.

Pernille Rudlin, European Representative of Japan Intercultural Consulting

This article originally appeared in Japanese in the August 6th 2009 edition of Eikoku News Digest.

三つの文化を持つ子供

私が6歳の時に両親と一緒に日本に移住しましたが、このことがその後の私の人生に与えた影響の大きさを、両親は当時十分には理解していなかったと思います。異文化コンサルタントとして活動する今、日本での子供時代の」経験の大切さをあらためて感じています。専門家の世界で色々な議論がある中、多くの心理学者や文化人類学者は、人間の人格形成期といわれる年齢層は5-6歳くらいから11-12歳くらいの時期とみています。つまり、この期間に人間性とか、文化的理解が形づくられるとのことです。

実際、私が仙台と神戸で生活をしたのは、まさにこの時期でした。1970年代の仙台には宣教師や私の家族のような学者しか外国人としておらず、この時期の私の経験はまさに強烈そのものだったのです。インターナショナルスクールもなく、白百合小学校初の、セーラー服の金髪少女であった訳です。

通学を始めた数週間は涙ながらの日々でした。休み時間といえば学校中の子供たちが物珍しげに寄って来て、私の髪に触ってみたり、青い目を覗き込んでみたりするのです。下校時間に私の父母が迎えにきたりする時は、いつも大騒ぎでした。とは言え、その年頃の子供はすぐに環境に順応し、スポンジのように物事を吸収する上、すぐにまた目新しいことに心を移します。半年も過ぎる頃になると、私の日本語もかなり上達し、ちょっと変わった見かけだけど、私達と同じよね、と受け入れてくれる友達も出来る様になりました。ある時などは作文で、一等賞をもらったことさえあるくらいで、その時は両親が私の涙の日々からの成長・順応ぶりに、声を上げて大喜びしたものでした。(はじめの頃の私の苦労や辛い思いを見ていたので、私の成長ぶりに胸が一杯になるくらい嬉しかったのだと思います。)

その後移り住んだ神戸の生活は仙台に比べとても順調でした。国際港都市ゆえインターナショナルスクールもあり、私のように色々な国籍や文化を持つ子供が沢山いました。ちなみに、後で知った事なのですが、わたしの様な背景を持つ子供はTCKと呼ばれるそうです。これは即ちThird Culture Kidsということだそうで、自分の祖国以外で育ち、それ故に祖国とも、育った国とも故郷としての強い絆を感じない感覚を持つのです。その代わりに彼らに特有の『第3の文化』なるものを作り上げるのです。そして価値観を共有する他のTCK達と交流しながら、生まれた国と育った国の両方の良いところを取り入れていきます。また、このTCK達はひと所に腰を落ち着けるよりも、数年毎にそわそわしはじめ何処か他のところに移住したがる傾向があるようです。そうしてやがて落ち着くところが、TCK達のコミュニティーである、ロンドンやブルッセル、スイスなどの国際都市となるのです。

読者の中には、ひょっとしてご自身もTCKでは?と思われる方もおられるでしょう。または、TCKなるお子さんをお持ちの親御さんであれば、ご自身の選択が、多大な影響をお子さんの将来にもたらしてしまったかと心配されるかもしれません。でも総合的に考えると、私は自分の息子がTCKになることをむしろ望んでいるのです。と言っても、我が息子はこの英国で典型的な英国人に育っていますけれど。

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  The freedom of a foreign life  
  Cross cultural communications Posted by Rudlin Consulting on: Friday 11 December @ 10:59:38

In my previous article I described how I am, thanks to my upbringing in Japan, a Third Culture Kid – a child who was brought up in a different country to that of their birth. There are more and more of us in this increasingly globalising world, and I wonder if other TCKs, like me, find it hard to answer any questions about whether we love or hate the two countries we semi-belong to. For me, Japan and the UK are just a part of my life, like brushing my teeth. I tried to escape the influence of Japan on my career once or twice, but it didn’t work, both because it is the subject that I am most passionate about, and also because, frankly, it is this expertise that people are most willing to pay me for.

A more interesting question is what leads people who are not TCKs to choose to settle in another country. My parents and I stayed in Japan for five years initially. Then, when I was eighteen, they decided to move back to Japan again, to Hiroshima and then Tokyo, staying for a total of twenty years. If you were to ask my mother what caused them to leave the UK again, she would probably half jokingly say “British Rail”. At that time the trains were even more unreliable than they are now and my mother was commuting every day to London to quite a high powered job, chairing various meetings, so if she was late, the meetings did not happen. She became ill, and the stress of the daily commute was making it worse.

Japan is, of course, a country where things work – trains run on time and people are punctual, reliable and polite. This is a big attraction for many of the foreigners who choose to live there permanently and they get a terrible shock when they return to their home country where things don’t work, people are rude and the streets are littered. After a long time away you feel like a foreigner in your home country. My parents actually look like foreigners in the UK now – they are too well dressed!

I know Japanese people who have lived abroad for a long time no longer feel like they belong in Japan. But I do find it puzzling that they chose to live in the UK, with its terrible customer service, bad weather and unreliable transport system. Some Japanese acquaintances have said that they like the freedom and tolerance they find in the UK. I would argue that this is not unique to the UK – anyone living in a foreign country can feel liberated by being out of the reach of the expectations and judgements of their society of birth. Believe it or not, foreigners living in Japan feel that way too.

Pernille Rudlin, European Representative of Japan Intercultural Consulting

This article originally appeared in Japanese in the August 20th 2009 edition of Eikoku News Digest.



海外生活

前回のコラムで、祖国でない日本で育ったことによって、私がいかにTCK(a Third Culture Kid 、3つの文化を持つ子供)となり、そのことで私が受けた恩恵についてご説明しました。世界規模で国際化が進み、このように祖国以外で育つTCKが増えている中、当のTCK達は生まれた国と、育った国とに対して好き嫌いを聞かれたら、きっと答えるのに困るだろうな、と思ったりします。私にとっては日本も英国も、言ってみれば歯磨きをするような、日常生活の中にあるのです。これまでのキャリアの中で、私は何度が自分と日本とを切り離して、全く違った方向を試みたりしましたが、どうもうまく行きませんでした。一つには日本というのは、私の心を捉えて放さない国であるということ、そして結局は私の日本での経験や知識が職業上の価値となり、今日の収入にもつながっているからなのです。

一つ興味深いのは、TCKでなく、祖国で生まれ育った人が、なぜあえて祖国を離れて海外への移住を希望するのか、ということです。私が両親と元々日本に住んだのは幼少期の5年間でした。そして私が18歳になった時、また日本に戻る事になりました。広島、そして東京と、結局通算して20年日本に住む事になったのです。ちなみに、もし読者の皆さんが私の母に、“どうしてまたイギリスを離れることにしたのですか?”と聞いたら、母は多分冗談交じりに“英国の鉄道とさよならしたかったからよ。”と答えると思います。というのも、その当時の国鉄サービスは、今よりももっとアテにならない状況だったのです。毎日ロンドンへの通勤を余儀なくされていた母はその当時、重要な職務についており様々な会議の中心でした。だから交通事情で到着が遅れると、会議が中止ということが多々あったのです。結局母は体調を崩したのですが、それに輪をかけたのが日々の通勤ストレスだったのです。

勿論日本といえば、万事うまく運ぶ国で電車は定刻に走り、人々は時間厳守し、任せて安心かつ礼儀正しい国です。多くの外国人にとってはこれが魅力となって日本を移住先とするので、祖国に戻って大ショックを受けたりします。物事は思うように運ばない、人々は礼儀知らず、おまけに街はごみだらけ。実際、長いこと祖国を離れていると、いざ自分の国に戻っても、自分こそが外国人のように感じてしまうのです。英国に戻った私は、今でも自分の両親が外国人に見えてしまいます。彼らはいつもきちんとした身なりをしているんですもの!

私の知る限り海外に長く暮らす日本人は、もはや自分が日本に属していないように感じていると思います。そういう人がよりによって、ひどい接客サービス、当てにならない天候や鉄道を持つ英国を滞在先に選ぶということが凄い驚きです。以前私の日本人の知人が、イギリスの自由さとか、寛容さが居心地いいと言っていました。ただ、これはイギリスだけに言えることではないと私は思います。誰しも海外に住むと、自分の祖国で求められる一定の基準とか文化的な束縛から解放され、翼を広げられるような気持ちになるのは当然の事だと思うのです。冗談かと読者は思われるでしょうが、日本に住む外国人もそう感じているのですよ。

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  Past Announcements  
 
December 11
The san-thing

September 04
Autumn/Winter seminar schedule

July 10
Scarves, champagne and the complex art of gift giving

May 30
In defence of Monozukuri - letter in the Financial Times

May 27
When telepathy is not enough

April 24
Three tips to get Japanese people to read and respond to your emails

April 20
Sumo or Judo: how Japanese firms embrace or exclude diverse staff

March 27
Tipping point for car ownership in Japan and Europe?

March 18
Subtle factors that motivate workers differ in Japan and the West

December 17
Humour easily crosses cultures but be careful with sarcasm

 

Copyright: 2009 Rudlin Consulting Ltd (UK)